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At first, it was the telescope, an instrument helping humankind put an end to the old dispute between the heliocentric and geocentric conceptions. After that, it was the microscope, acting in the opposite direction, which made it possible for revolutionary achievements in biology and medicine. Another significant invention was the camera, letting people see things as they really were, not as the artists would have described them.

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The simplest definition of a lens is a transparent object made from plastic or glass, framed by two curved surfaces, resorting to the phenomenon of refraction in order to create the image of a particular object. Depending on the way that the two facets are curved, we get to obtain different types of optical lenses: biconvex, plano-convex, positive meniscus, negative meniscus, plano-concave or biconcave. Bear in mind that these are types of simple lenses, yet options are even more complex.

When combining different types from these lenses with mirrors, you get to obtain an optical assembly. Most professional manufacturers of such assemblies should provide you with custom built, fast prototypes, aspheric lenses, doublets or triplets lenses and many more. All these should be properly centered, eliminating the potential lateral and longitudinal aberrations and respecting the standard radiometric properties.

Discussing with a specialist in the field may reveal to you the difference of using simple and compound lenses or assemblies. As you will discover, simple lenses can experience different faults, referred to as optical aberrations in technical terms. These faults can be easily resolved by combining simple lenses in certain ways, complementary aberrations being included. In consequence, the collection consisting from simple lenses made from different materials, having different shapes and, also essential, different refractive indices, results into a compound lens.

The way that lenses are disposed determine outstanding visual effects of magnification or shrinking. In order to obtain the most accurate effects and images, you should get in touch with a specialist in manufacturing optical elements, assemblies and anything else related. We are talking about a fascinating and extremely complex world, where knowing the laws of physics will take you far, far away!

By Sportswriter Wang Jimin

RIO DE JANEIRO， Aug. 9 (Xinhua) -- Five golds in five finals， Chinese ace diver Chen Ruolin made it perfect by claiming fifth Olympic gold medal with teammate Liu Huixia at Rio Games on Tuesday while weightlifters from China also underlined their supremacy， taking both gold medals on offer.

At the age of 23， Chen has already become one of the best divers in history. The Chinese has etched her name in the Olympic record books as she has won all her competition at Olympic Games.

Chen claimed her fifth Olympic gold with Liu by winning the women's 10-meter platform synchro with 354.00 points.

Chen made her Olympic debut at the age of 15. As the youngest diver in the team， Chen swept the individual and synchronised 10m platform titles in Beijing. Four years later， she repeated the feat in London.

Tuesday's gold gives her five career Olympic gold medals in five career events， evening her with countrywoman Wu Minxia for the most diving golds won by an individual in Olympics history.

"To me， Wu Minxia is so great， and I don't think I can compare with her，" said the humble girl.

The weightlifters added two more golds to China's medals tally， with Deng Wei winning the women's 63kg while Shi Zhinyong taking the men's 69kg title.

Deng rocked the Riocentro - Pavilion 2 by also breaking two wrold records in just five lifts.

Deng， world champion in 2014 and 2015， came into the clean and jerk competition with a four-kilo buffer in the snatch. After jerking 138kg in her first attempt， she had already won the gold medal with a total of 253kg as other opponents had finished all their lifts.

Then the 23-year-old lifter began her solo in the fifth attempts， putting an ambitious 147kg above her head steadily for a total of 262kg， breaking two world records in jerk and total by one kilo respectively.

"I came here for breaking the world record. I am very excited and very thrilled to win this medal，" Deng said.

"When I woke up this morning， I felt nervous， because it was my first Olympic Games. I have been targeting a gold medal for a long time， so I am very happy with this，" Deng added.

Shi， winner at the world championships in 2015， snatched 162kg and jerked 190kg for the gold in his category.

"This is not just important for me， but for my whole team. I would like to dedicate this medal to my team and coaches who give me confidence， love， courage and support，" Shi said.

Elsewhere， 10-time world gymnastics titlist Simone Biles notched up her first Olympic gold as she led the United States to a convincing victory in the women's team event.

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